French Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne resigned Monday following recent political turmoil over a new immigration law, paving the way for President Emmanuel Macron to seek fresh momentum by appointing a new government in coming days.

The shakeup was widely seen as an attempt by the 46-year-old centrist Mr. Macron to head off a looming lame-duck status. Mr. Macron’s term is to end in 2027, and he won’t be able to run again for president in line with the French Constitution.

In her resignation letter, Ms. Borne suggested she resigned at Macron’s request, citing the president’s “will” to “appoint a new prime minister.”

Ms. Borne’s resignation followed the passage late last month of contentious immigration legislation backed by Mr. Macron aimed at strengthening the government’s ability to deport some foreigners, among other measures.

Mr. Macron’s centrist alliance was able to pass the measure only after making a deal with the conservative Republicans party, which many observers saw as the government’s shift to the right. The tough negotiations and heated parliament debate raised questions over the ability of Borne’s government to pass future major bills.